References

ATSSA, Safety Opportunities in High Friction Surfacing, American Traffic Safety Services Association, February 2013.

Federal Highway Administration, Horizontal Curve Safety, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, DC, February 2012, available at: http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/811552.pdf.

Kentucky Strategic Highway Safety Plan 2011-2014, Toward Zero Deaths, available at: https://transportation.ky.gov/HighwaySafety/Documents/strategic_plan.pdf

Federal Highway Administration, Intersection Safety, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, DC, February 2009, available at: http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/intersection/.

Federal Highway Administration, Pavement Friction Management, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, DC, June 17, 2010.

Federal Highway Administration, "A Road Surface Treatment for Critical Safety Spot Locations that Helps Vehicles Stay in Their Lane," Federal Highway Administration, Every Day Counts, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, DC, available at: https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/everydaycounts/edctwo/2012/pdfs/hfst_brochure.pdf

Hall, J, K. Smith, L. Titus-Glover, J. Wambold, T. Yager, and Z. Rado, NCHRP Web Only Document 108: Guide for Pavement Friction, National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC, 2009.

Hatherly, L., and A. Young, "The Location and Treatment of Urban Skidding Hazard Sites," Transportation Research Record, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC, 623 (1976), 21-28.

Interstate Road Management, High Friction Surfacing Treatment, Interstate Road Management, Hazelton, Pennsylvania, available at: http://www.dbiservices.com/irm/hfs.asp.

Izeppi, Edgar, Gerardo Flintsch, and Kevin McGee, Field Performance of High Friction Surfaces, Virginia Transportation Research Council, Richmond, Virginia, June 2010.

McGee, H., and F. Hanscom, Low-Cost Treatments for Horizontal Curve Safety, Report FHWA-SA-07-002, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC, December 2006.

Milstead, R., X. Qin, B. Katz, J. Bonneson, M. Pratt, J. Miles, and P. Carlson, Procedures for Setting Advisory Speeds on Curves, FHWA-SA-11-22, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC, June 2011.

Road Surface Treatments Association, High Friction Surfacing, Road Surface Treatments Association, United Kingdom, available at: https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/safety/intersection-safety.

The Transtec Group, High Friction Roads, The Transtec Group, 2010, available at: http://www.highfrictionroads.com/.

¹ ATSSA, Safety Opportunities in High Friction Surfacing, American Traffic Safety Services Association, February 2013.

² Federal Highway Administration, Horizontal Curve Safety, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, DC, February 2012, available at: http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/811552.pdf

³ For more information on the Every Day Counts 2 Program, please visit https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/everydaycounts/

⁴ Kentucky Strategic Highway Safety Plan 2011-2014, Toward Zero Deaths, available at: https://transportation.ky.gov/HighwaySafety/Documents/strategic_plan.pdf

⁵ A curve is defined as a section of road with a curvature of 3.4° or greater.

⁶ An SPF is a mathematical model that predicts the mean crash frequency for similar locations with the same characteristics. These characteristics typically include traffic volume and may include other variables such as traffic control and geometric characteristics. This SPF is then used to derive the second source of information for the empirical Bayes estimation, the number of crashes predicted at treated sites based on sites with similar operational and geometric characteristics.

⁷ Installations occurred over a period of 3 years, so some assessed installations were older than others.