This research summary report provides a description of research carried out to improve the understanding of the mechanisms of hydration of portland cement in complex and simple mixtures; develop analytical methods to directly observe hydration processes in real time; and develop and validate improved computer models to design optimal concrete composition, curing methods, performance, and durability.

The project resulted in innovative analytical techniques that made it possible to perform direct micro- and nanoscale observation of reactions. This new perspective allowed researchers to develop a new and clearer hypothesis to understand the mechanisms of cement hydration. Computer models based on the new hypothesis will provide engineers and practitioners with tools to produce more efficient, durable, and cost-effective concrete products and structures.